Creature Feature: The Tales That Tails Tell
Creature Feature: The Tales That Tails Tell
The spinal column of the human comes to an abrupt and unceremonious halt quite unlike the rearmost spinal extremities of the other species we choose to keep company with.
They sport rearmost appendages of varying lengths, shapes, and textures that serve many purposes, such as maintaining balance, shooing flies, and providing warmth. But most of all, the tail is a barometer of the mood and attitude of its owner.
Tail movement and posture are essential vocabulary in the body language of most domestic animals. A good working knowledge of tail talk gives pet owners a deeper understanding of the emotional responses of their animals and can serve to give advance warning of possible misbehavior.
Three Basic Messages
Tail talk is very well developed among dogs. The messages that their tails convey can be broken down into three basic groups.
The "up" tail stance, with the tail raised higher than its normal level and usually accompanied by short rapid wagging, indicates that the dog is feeling confident, highly interested, and considers itself dominant in the situation.
A neutral tail which is carried at level with the back or somewhat lower indicates a calm, relaxed, somewhat indifferent state of mind. A drastically lowered tail, often tucked between the legs, is expressive of fear, insecurity, and submissiveness.
Mixed Signals
A wagging tail is not necessarily an indication of friendliness. A dog that greets strangers with a high-held, fast wagging tail, erect ears, and direct eye contact is likely offering an excited challenge to those it perceives as trespassers on its territory. And, if not sufficiently mollified, could easily be provoked into biting.
Tails are certainly telltale but they are only part of the message that the dog is sending. Ears, eyes, general body stance, and vocalizations are also indicators of attitude.
And, since dogs are as capable of inner conflict as humans, there are times when the message from the tail is in direct contradiction to other signs. "If a dog's tail is tucked in submission, and it's growling at the same time, heed the more potentially dangerous signal," suggests Dr. Nicholas Dodman of the Behavior Clinic at Tufts University School of Medicine.
Signs Of Character
Preliminary findings in a study conducted by Dr. Bonnie Bergin of the Assistance Dog Institute seems to indicate that an individual dog's "tail behavior" can give clues to the reliability of its temperament.
Dogs with a natural tail carriage below the line of their backs are calm, quiet, unexcitable types. Dr. Bergin's theory appears to hold true whether it is applied over all breeds of dog or whether it is applied to individuals within a breed.
Cats are more subtle than dogs and so are their tails. A dog indicating love will cheerfully thump its tail upon the ground but the dignified cat sends its message of affection by holding its tail in a straight vertical position. An especially responsive and affectionate cat will often raise its tail upright upon hearing the sound of its owner's voice.
Animal behaviorists feel the vertical tail display is based on the care- soliciting behavior of kittens toward their mother. Cat owners may be unpleasantly surprised to learn that their loving pets are actually inviting their humans, as substitute moms, to clean their bottoms.
Human "cat readers" can have a tough time deciphering the tail talk of felines since many of the same tail postures are used in relaying opposite messages. One important clue is whether the tail angle is accompanied by piloerection, the raising of the fur.
Fur Up Or Down?
For example, the universally known "Halloween cat" stance is a defensive posture. The frightened cat places itself in a lateral position with arched back and tail in a state of piloerection. This serves to make the cat look larger than it actually is and its message is a clear "Get away!"
However, the exact same stance without the piloerection sends the opposite message. It is referred to by animal behaviorists as a distance-reducing posture meaning "Play with me!"
Horse Talk
As with dogs, repetitive tail movements indicate excitement. But with felines a back and forth sweep of the tail indicates the stimulation is unwelcome and that the cat is annoyed. A short rapid twitching motion of a cat's tail, on the other hand, is an indication of predatory excitement - and perhaps frustration, since it most often appears when the cat can't get to the prey in question.
The messages horses convey with their tails are almost exclusively negative. A quick swish of a horse's tail is a threat gesture implying that a kick may well be in the offing. And, like a cranky cat, a horse that takes exception to the commands or equestrian skills of its rider will convey disapproval by moving its rearmost extremity in a quick back and forth sweeping motion, known as wringing the tail.
When a horse flags its tail by holding it at a slightly raised angle it is sending the message that it is in some discomfort. This is a subtle but unmistakable early warning sign of the potentially fatal condition known as colic.
Horses have their own version of the "Halloween cat" stance. When alarmed, horses will raise their tails as high as possible. This tail posture is usually accompanied by loud snorts, a high neck and head carriage, and a highly elevated prancing trot known as the passage. The intended effect is to make the animal look as large as possible, and, since horses are large to begin with, the results are usually quite impressive indeed.
To members of the human species, excessively verbal as we are, the behavior of other animals can often appear unpredictable. Yet, by watching their interactions among themselves, it is clear that this is not so. Though nonverbal, they are communicating complex messages to one another. Tails, sinuous, fluffy, or luxuriantly flowing, are an important conduit of information and intent. Though we may lack them, it behooves us humans to try and understand them.