Winterize Four-Legged Friends
Winterize Four-Legged Friends

You know you're an animal person when talk of the weather becomes more than just idle chit-chat. News of an incoming snowstorm sends most pet and livestock owners into a frenzy of preparation.
Do I have enough hay, grain, kibble, cat chow, pig chow, rabbit chow, llama chow, etc., etc., to keep the herd, pack, pride, or warren well fed if snowed in? Enough water stored if power is lost? Could I possibly cajole the farrier into coming and putting snowball pads on the horses this afternoon? Do I have enough sand stockpiled to provide traction for hoof and paw? Oh, where is that snow shovel?
But pet and livestock owners need to prepare for winter itself, not just winter's stormier times. As the weather grows colder some of our animals' needs change and others, though they stay the same, become harder to provide.
Hypothermia Danger
Pet owners should be alert to the possibility of hypothermia occurring in animals that are out of doors in really bitter temperatures. Symptoms include lethargy, shallow breathing, uncontrollable shivering, anxiety, and loss of consciousness. Slowly warm a hypothermic animal in blankets and get it veterinary attention as soon as possible.
Very small, thin-coated breeds are susceptible to hypothermia, as are old, very young, or sick animals. Healthy adult domestic animals can differ widely in their tolerance of cold. A few breeds of cats and horses, several breeds of dogs, and all pot-bellied pigs are fairweather friends who cannot take the chill.
The climate of the region where the breed or species originated usually gives a good indication as to what temperatures the animal will tolerate. For example, pot-bellied pigs, a species developed in Vietnam, are very unhappy when the temperature drops lower than 50 degrees unless, of course, they are burrowed under a blanket or clad in the latest porcine fashions.
Another indicator of hardiness to be found in the animal's history is whether the breed is a "natural" or "manmade" one. Maine Coon cats, a breed that developed independently of much human interference and over a relatively long period of time, are winter-resistant animals as compared to the Devon and Cornish rex cats, breeds which were developed over a very short time and are based on a genetic mutation.
Certain breeds of dogs relish the cold and only seem to come truly alive when the mercury drops drastically. Other breeds loathe a freeze. Georgia Loper of East Hampton says of her chihuahua, Timmy, "He starts to shiver if the temperature goes below 70 in the house." Timmy doesn't just wear his bomber jacket because it makes him look cute, he needs the warmth.
Most horses are extremely tolerant of frigid weather and seem to prefer it to summer's swelter. People uninitiated in the art of horsekeeping are often surprised that stables are unheated and, in fact, some animal rights crusaders use the example of cold barns as further "evidence" of how heartless and exploitative horse owners are.
Hair-Raising Behavior
But, as long as they are out of the wet and wind, horses are able to maintain their body temperature quite efficiently. In fact, heating a barn would cause them to become overheated and would also wreak havoc with their respiratory systems. One of the very most important ingredients of a healthy barn environment is ventilation. Heated buildings do not have the exchange of fresh air necessary to prevent crippling and perhaps fatal respiratory infections in equines.
Though some horses can benefit from being blanketed against nature's chill, this can be an unnecessary and unwise interference with the animal's natural "self-insulating" capabilities. Horses are able to raise up the long outer hairs on their coats according to the temperature. The more they fluff themselves up against the cold, the larger the space of warm insulating air they can retain between outer and inner hair coats.
Blankets, which weigh down the hair coat, prevent horses from being able to regulate their body temperature according to their own comfort levels. (Interestingly enough, horses are not the only animals that have this "hair raising" ability. The goose bumps that we humans get when chilled are actually a vestige of our hairier days when we too had glossy fur that we could manipulate in accordance with the chill of the air.
Food To Burn
Staying warm does utilize a great deal of energy, so, no matter how rugged your creature, he or she will likely need additional food to stay comfortable. Experts advise using a food with a higher fat and protein content for dogs that spend a great deal of time outdoors. However, if your dog is on special diet, consult your veterinarian before making any changes.
Horses (and sheep, goats, or cattle) need an increase in the amount of roughage they eat rather than increases in amounts of fat and protein-rich grains. The breakdown and fermentation of roughage in their digestive systems acts as an internal heater.
One of the biggest challenges to caring for outdoor animals is providing enough drinking water. Facing the snowbanks and ice floes of this past winter, animal caretakers certainly felt that there was "water, water everywhere, but nary a drop to drink." Though dogs and horses will eat snow, they cannot even begin to consume enough to meet their needs, and there is considerable indication that eating snow leads to digestive disturbances in both these species.
Keep It Flowing
There are a number of products on the market to keep water bowls, buckets, or troughs ice free. Insulated buckets and bowls are reasonably effective in moderate cold, but when it gets really bitter only the heating units will do the job. One note of caution: Experts advise having those heaters plugged into ground-fault-circuit interrupters, so if the unit malfunctions no harm will be done.
Those of us without the luxury of electrical outlets in our pastures and dog runs have to resign ourselves to the daily (or hourly if it's really cold) ritual of clearing ice from water troughs or carrying containers of fresh unfrozen water to our charges. Topping buckets and bowls off with lukewarm water does help retard the freezing process somewhat.
In his excellent horse care newsletter, Horse Journal, the Olympic equestrian Michael Plumb road-tested all the solutions to snow packing up in the hoof cavity of horses and came to the conclusion that the best solution is the one the farrier offers, outfitting the horse with pads that prevent the adherence of snow and ice to the hoof.
On With The Boots
His verdict on the other method of dealing with this problem, applying a water-resistant substance such as Vaseline or Pam cooking spray to the sole of the horse's foot, was that it was time-consuming and difficult and, ultimately, not very effective.
There are a number of waxes and lotions to place on dog's paws that interfere with snow clinging to and irritating their sensitive foot pads, but by far the easiest and most efficient solution is putting boots on the animal.
However, many dogs respond indignantly to this concept, either by lying down and refusing to budge or, more often, by removing the boots when their owner is not watching. Clipping the long hair between the pads of the animal's paws does help, though Fido usually does not receive that with great acclaim either!
Dangerous Chemicals
Some of the most dangerous aspects of winter to our animals are not freezing temperatures and icy conditions, but chemicals that we humans use to counteract cold and ice. Car antifreeze is irresistible to both dogs and cats. Alas, ingesting even a small amount is almost always fatal to them. Wrap and properly dispose of antifreeze containers and thoroughly clean up any spills.
Late fall and winter are the times when rodents attempt to move in with us. If using rodenticides, never leave them where a pet can get into them, and call the manufacturer's 800 number to find out whether consumption of a rodent killed by the poison will effect the pet. Even if rodenticides are not being used in your household, your neighbors may be using them in theirs, so don't take it lightly if you see a pet playing with a dead rodent.
Salt and synthetic de-icing chemicals can irritate paws, skin, and hooves. They can also cause gastrointestinal problems in cats and dogs that lick these elements from their paws. Try to use your shovel and spread sand instead of de-icers. Or else try one of the pet safe de-icers such as Safe Paw available from Pet USA catalogue company.
Watch For Hunters
Late fall and winter are hunting season 'round these parts. If you walk your dog or ride your horse in the woods both you and your animal should wear neon-colored accessories or at least liberally festoon yourselves with orange-colored surveyor's tape. Attaching bells to your dog, horse, or self also helps alert hunters to your presence and averts accidents.
At least all this running around on your animal's behalf may serve to keep us humans warm. And, if it has to be cold, let's pray for a severe cold snap with no snow cover so that the tick population gets decimated!